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Stainless Steel 316 / 316L / 316Ti Explained

Stainless Steel 316, 316L, and 316Ti are molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steels offering significantly enhanced corrosion resistance compared to 304 grades, particularly in chloride-rich and marine environments. These grades deliver excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and acidic media. SS 316 is the standard molybdenum grade, SS 316L contains low carbon for superior weld corrosion resistance, and SS 316Ti is titanium-stabilized for high-temperature service stability.

Widely used in marine equipment, pharmaceutical machinery, chemical processing plants, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, food processing systems, and medical devices, SS 316/316L/316Ti provide excellent durability, hygiene, and long-term corrosion resistance. Their superior mechanical performance and weldability make them the most preferred materials for highly corrosive and hygienic service environments.

316/316L/316TI STAINLESS STEEL SHEETS AND PLATES EQUIVALENT GRADES

STANDARD UNS WNR. AFNOR EN JIS BS GOST
SS 316 S31600 1.4401 / 1.4436 Z7CND17-11-02 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 / X3CrNiMo17-13-3 SUS 316 316S31 / 316S33 –
SS 316L S31603 1.4404 / 1.4435 Z3CND17-11-02 / Z3CND18-14-03 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 / X2CrNiMo18-14-3 SUS 316L 316S11 / 316S13 03Ch17N14M3 / 03Ch17N14M2
SS 316Ti S31635 1.4571 Z2 NCDU 25-20 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 SUS 316Ti 904S13 –

SPECIFICATION OF STAINLESS STEEL 316/316L/316TI SHEETS AND PLATES

Standard ASTM A240 / ASME SA240
Dimension Standard JIS, AISI, ASTM, GB, DIN, EN, etc
Width 1000mm, 1219mm, 1500mm, 1800mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm, etc
Length 2000mm, 2440mm, 3000mm, 5800mm, 6000mm, etc
Thickness 0.3 mm to 120 mm
Form Coils, Foils, Rolls, Plain Sheet, Shim Sheet, Perforated Sheet, Chequered Plate, Strip, Flats, Blank (Circle), Ring (Flange) etc.
Surface Finishing Hot rolled plate (HR), Cold rolled sheet (CR), 2B, 2D, BA, NO.1, NO.4, NO.8, 8K, mirror, Chequered, embossed, hair line, sand blast, Brush, etching, SATIN (Met with Plastic Coated) etc.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STAINLESS STEEL 316/316L/316TI SHEETS AND PLATES

Grade (UNS) C% Mn% Si% P% S% Cr% Mo% Ni% N%
316 (S31600) 0.08 max 2.0 max 0.75 max 0.045 max 0.03 max 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 10.0-14.0 0.10 max
316L (S31603) 0.03 max 2.0 max 0.75 max 0.045 max 0.03 max 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 10.0-14.0 0.10 max
316Ti (S31635) 0.08 max 2.0 max 0.75 max 0.045 max 0.03 max 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 10.0-14.0 0.10 max

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL 316/316L/316TI SHEETS AND PLATES

Grade Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation (%) Hardness (Brinell) MAX Hardness (Rockwell B) MAX
316 (S31600) 75 ksi min 30 ksi min 40 217 95
316L (S31603) 70 ksi min 25 ksi min 40 217 95
316Ti (S31635) 515 MPa 205 MPa 35 205 75

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SS 316/316L

Density (lb/in³) Thermal Conductivity (BTU/h ft. °F) Electrical Resistivity (in x 10⁶) Modulus of Elasticity (psi x 10⁶) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (in/in)/ °F x 10⁶ Specific Heat (BTU/lb/ °F) Melting Range (°F)
0.285 at 68°F 9.4 at 212°F
12.4 at 932°F		 28.3 at 68°F
39.4 at 752°F
49.6 at 1652°F		 28 9.4 at 32–212°F
10.2 at 32–1000°F
10.4 at 32–1500°F		 0.1200 at 68°F to 212°F 2500 to 2590

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SS 316Ti

Density (lb/in³) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (min/in)-°F Thermal Conductivity BTU/h-ft.-°F Specific Heat BTU/lb -°F Modulus of Elasticity (psi)
0.285 at 68°F 9.2 at 68–212°F
11.0 at 68–1600°F		 9.4 at 212°F
12.4 at 932°F		 0.12 at 32–212°F 29 x 10⁶ in tension (E)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SS 316/316L/316Ti

Density Melting Point
8.0 g/cm³ 1454°C (2650°F)

💡 Practical Difference in Use

Use Stainless Steel 316 when: enhanced corrosion resistance against chlorides, acids, and marine environments is required along with good mechanical strength. → Example: marine components, chemical processing equipment, heat exchangers, food processing machinery, and pharmaceutical vessels.

Use Stainless Steel 316L when: superior resistance to weld decay and intergranular corrosion is required after welding in highly corrosive environments. → Example: chemical storage tanks, pressure vessels, pipelines, pharmaceutical equipment, and reactor vessels.

Use Stainless Steel 316Ti when: improved high-temperature stability with excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion at elevated temperatures is required. → Example: exhaust systems, refinery equipment, heat exchangers exposed to heat, and thermal processing units.

Applications of Stainless Steel 316 / 316L / 316Ti Sheets and Plates

Stainless Steel 316, 316L, and 316Ti are widely used in industries where superior corrosion resistance, hygiene, and long-term durability under aggressive environments are essential.

  • Marine & Offshore Industry: Excellent resistance to seawater corrosion and chlorides.
  • Chemical & Petrochemical Industry: Suitable for aggressive chemicals and acidic environments.
  • Pharmaceutical & Food Processing: Preferred for hygiene-critical and corrosion-resistant equipment.

When to Choose Stainless Steel 316 vs. 316L vs. 316Ti?

The selection depends on welding requirements, corrosion environment, and operating temperature.

Choose SS 316 when:

  • General corrosion and chloride resistance is required
  • Good mechanical strength is sufficient
  • Used in marine and chemical environments
  • Moderate welding is involved
  • Good pitting and crevice corrosion resistance is needed
  • Cost-effective molybdenum-bearing stainless steel is preferred

Choose SS 316L when:

  • Extensive welding is required
  • Maximum resistance to intergranular corrosion is critical
  • No post-weld heat treatment is possible
  • Used in pressure vessels, tanks, and pipelines
  • Improved corrosion performance after fabrication is required
  • Low carbon content is beneficial

Choose SS 316Ti when:

  • Service involves elevated temperatures
  • Resistance to carbide precipitation is required
  • High-temperature structural stability is critical
  • Used in heat exchangers and exhaust systems
  • Welded components operate at high heat
  • Titanium stabilization is preferred

Industries That Use Stainless Steel 316 / 316L / 316Ti Sheets and Plates

These grades are extensively used in industries where corrosion resistance, hygiene, strength, and long-term performance in aggressive service conditions are essential.

Marine & Offshore Engineering

Primary application area due to excellent seawater resistance.

Uses

Boat fittings, seawater piping, fasteners, and heat exchangers.

Why SS 316?

Outstanding resistance to chlorides and marine corrosion.

Chemical & Petrochemical

Used in aggressive chemical processing environments.

Uses

Reactors, storage tanks, pipelines, and heat exchangers.

Why SS 316L?

Superior weld corrosion resistance and long-term durability.

Pharmaceutical & Food Processing

Critical for hygienic and contamination-free operations.

Uses

Process vessels, mixers, cleanroom equipment.

Why SS 316/316L?

Excellent corrosion resistance and easy cleanability.

Oil & Gas Industry

Used in corrosive offshore and onshore environments.

Uses

Pipelines, valves, pump components.

Why SS 316?

High resistance to chlorides and stress corrosion cracking.

Power Generation

Used in high-temperature and corrosive power systems.

Uses

Heat exchangers, condenser plates, piping systems.

Why SS 316Ti?

Superior high-temperature stability and weld integrity.

Water Treatment Plants

Used in potable and industrial water systems.

Uses

Desalination units, storage tanks, filtration systems.

Why SS 316L?

Excellent corrosion resistance and weldability.

Medical Equipment

Preferred for medical and surgical environments.

Uses

Surgical tools, hospital equipment, implant components.

Why SS 316L?

Biocompatibility and superior corrosion resistance.

Heat Exchangers & Condensers

Used in corrosive and high-temperature heat transfer applications.

Uses

Tube sheets, condenser plates, cooling systems.

Why SS 316/316Ti?

Excellent thermal stability and corrosion resistance.

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